Vol. XXV, 2012
L’article est un approche d’histoire intellectuelle, qui s’applique d’une manière comparatiste au libéralisme anglais et au libéralisme français. On cherche de voir alors les ressorts qui ont géré la spécificité politique de chaqun, c’est-à-dire finalement la théorie utilitariste envers la théorie des droits naturels. On remarque ainsi certaines structures de pensée comme le pragmatisme et l’idéalisme, puis ce qu’on a appelé le particularisme et l’universalisme, caractéristiques pour deux traditions religieuses et deux cultures politiques aussi.
This article analyses the ways and means of the French cultural influence on the Romanian political thought during the first half of the 19th century, in the context of the modernization. Thus, this study stresses upon the role of the French consuls on the Romanian social and political elite. The endeavor of the French consuls was to create a pro-France “national party” in order to undermine the Russian supremacy. In order to do so, the article deals also with the context of the French ideological debates during from the middle of the 18th century until the 1830s. During this process, the Romanian political thought integrated both revolutionary and conservative ideas.
3. Irina Gafiţa, România şi marile puteri. Implicaţiile chestiunii evreieşti (1876–1878), p. 80-96.
Between the 1876–1878, Europe’s and United States’ attention was focused on the
development of the military and diplomatic actions in the East of the continent. The situation of the Jews from this geographical area remained a key element in Romania’s international affairs. Besides the narrative aspect of the historical facts, this paper tries to point out the ideological motivation, as well as the Romanian mentality about the “foreigner”, concerning especially the appearance and development the anti-Jewish attitudes.
The article also analyses the position of the Great Powers towards Romania according to their internal policies and interests in regard to the Jewish population. The influence of the Alliance Israélite Universelle was a key factor in Romania’s attempts to conclude trade conventions with the great powers of that time.
The present study points out to the historical reality of those years, as presented by the
journalistic discourse of the time, based frequently on clichés, preconceptions and most often lacking in truthful primary sources.
This study focuses on the migration politics of the Walachian authorities in the first half of the nineteenth century. Due to the reforms undertaken during the Russian occupation between 1829 and 1834, Moldavia and Walachia gradually created their own system of border control, quarantines and passport checkpoints. The state imposed a stronger control over the circulation of people and goods between the two banks of the river, as well as a barrier against diseases.
This study makes use mainly of the archives of the Quarantine Committee in Bucharest. From a historical point of view, we seek to contribute to the debates about quarantine, politics and immigration in the Danubian Principalities.
5. Bogdan Popa, The Modern Conquest of the Romanian Carpathians, p. 117-124.
This paper investigates the origins of the modern tourism in the Romanian Carpathians. Given both their wilderness and status as border between Austria and Wallachia, the Carpathians were not a favourite destination for leisure travellers, with the notable exception of those in search of mineral waters and bathes. In the late 19th century, under the influence of the Western European new approaches towards alpinism, sports and tourism, the Transylvanian Saxons created their first tourist organizations. Following the integration of Transylvania into Romania, the Saxon and Romanian organizations led a parallel existence, yet both set trends which are still observed today.
This contribution deals with Alecsander Sokolovski’s short letter to a Romanian acquaintance, describing his two different experiences as a traveller, while looking for accommodation in 19th century Moldavia. Despite what he was expecting for, Alecsander Sokolovski was not well received by one of the great boyars of the time, Iordache Latescu-Boldur. Starting from this incident, he questioned the good education and the renowned hospitality of the Romanian elite.
A local officer welcomed him more suitably to his social status. Given that, Sokolovski’s letter offers a personal and peculiar image of the social elite in Moldavia. Eventually, this convinced us to confront Latescu-Boldur’s biography with his image as depicted by this foreign traveller.
The well-known Swiss painter Jules Jacot-Guillarmod (1828–1889) began in 1859 an eighteen month journey through the Romanian territories. This journey was reflected by the topic of his paintings and drawings, concerning local aspects and peculiarities. His travel notes, published posthumously, offer also an interesting image of mid-19th century Transylvania, showing both its diversity and colours.
Thus, Jacot-Guillarmod wrote about the everyday life of a strange country, bearing resemblances to his native Switzerland, a complex society, with its several nations, languages and confessions. He was mainly interested in amusing life scenes, with half-wild herds of pigs, buffalos, ox, sheep, or horses. Jacot-Guillarmod described Transylvanian markets, their products and visitors, as well.
Le matériel concerne le voyage en Roumanie du prêtre Vincenzo Vannutelli, chargé par la papauté de sonder les opinions des peuples orientaux concernant l’union des Églises. On presente ainsi son parcours de Giurgiu à Galaţi, avec ses remarques sur l’état du catholicisme au Royaume roumain et sur les moyens nécessaires pour sensibiliser la population en faveur de l’Église catholique. Ses notes se distinguent aussi parce que, plus que les autres, il s’approche de l’orthodoxie avec une attitude bienveillante, sans la critiquer fortement.
The article treats the evolution of peace organizing principles in Europe, since the wars of religion from the sixteenth century to our days, considering the causes of the conflict to solve. Thus we observe a dialectical course when a certain situations generates certain principles, who lead by applying them to a new conflicting situation and to new principles. There is a theoretical approach who try to identify the phenomenal causes of international relationships on long term.
14. [Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, no 3, 2011. Prezentare de Alexandru Mamina, p. 186]
21. [Florin Constantiniu (1933-2012). Memorial de Acad. Dan Berindei, p. 199-200]